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- <text id=90TT0961>
- <title>
- Apr. 16, 1990: Cries Of The Beloved Country
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Apr. 16, 1990 Colossal Colliders:Smash!
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BOOKS, Page 79
- Cries of the Beloved Country
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By Stefan Kanfer
- </p>
- <qt>
- <l>THE MIND OF SOUTH AFRICA</l>
- <l>by Allister Sparks</l>
- <l>Knopf; 448 pages; $24.95</l>
-
- <l>JANUARY SUN</l>
- <l>by Richard Stengel</l>
- <l>Simon & Schuster; 202 pages; $19.95</l>
-
- <l>MY TRAITOR'S HEART</l>
- <l>by Rian Malan</l>
- <l>Atlantic Monthly; 349 pages; $19.95</l>
- </qt>
- <p> Three million years ago, humanity was born in East Africa.
- Last February it was reborn in South Africa. More than one man
- was liberated when Nelson Mandela stepped into the sunlight;
- an entire nation appealed for release from the prison of
- apartheid.
- </p>
- <p> Allister Sparks, a white journalist, was born and raised in
- that prison, and his authoritative work--one of three
- investigations into South Africa being published just as that
- nation has assumed a new moral significance--reduces previous
- histories to the status of antiques. His title, The Mind of
- South Africa, is a misnomer: the nation has many minds, most
- of them in conflict. The sharpest divisions, Sparks observes,
- originated in the 19th century, when immigrant Boers--the
- Dutch word for farmers--feuded with their English overlords
- in the Cape Colony. When Britain forbade slavery, the Boers'
- Great Trek began. Kipling caught their spirit: "His neighbours'
- smoke shall vex his eyes, their voices break his rest./ He
- shall go forth till south is north, sullen and dispossessed."
- </p>
- <p> En route the trekkers were outnumbered by hostile Zulu
- warriors, but spears were no match for cannons. Any hope for
- reconciliation vanished when diamonds and gold were found in
- the interior. The discovery, says Sparks, produced "the
- watershed event in South African history. Overnight it turned
- a pastoral country into an industrial one, sucking country folk
- into the city and changing their lives." By-products of the
- mines included pass laws; "native" compounds that separated
- workers from their families; escalating categories of black,
- colored and European; ruthless cartels; and the world's first
- concentration camps, built by Britain during the Boer War of
- 1899-1902.
- </p>
- <p> By the 1920s de facto apartheid was a feature of South
- African life. The poorest whites possessed something that the
- most prosperous blacks could never have: the vote. Subsequent
- governments flirted with Nazi Germany, then embraced liberal
- policies, but the racism endured. With all the warm
- pronunciations of President F.W. de Klerk, it prevails even
- amid the current talk of reforms.
- </p>
- <p> Sparks is familiar with life in the townships and cities,
- but the ethos of contemporary South Africa is conveyed with
- even greater intensity in Richard Stengel's January Sun.
- Stengel, a TIME contributor, has the eye of a Leica and the
- sensitivity of a light meter. He focuses on a single day in the
- Transvaal town of Brits, where three men spend their separate,
- unequal lives. Ronald de la Rey, a white veterinarian, parrots
- the Boer tradition: "I think the idea of apartheid makes you
- more aware of the differences between people than the
- similarities. It's in our subconscious. But we like it that
- way. Everyone keeps their own identity."
- </p>
- <p> For a placid taxi driver called Life, that identity means
- confinement to a segregated township. There, boredom and
- despair are as palpable as the omnipresent automobile carcasses
- and piles of beer cans. Jaiprakash Bhula is an educated Indian
- haberdasher, contemptuous of racial decrees. His question gnaws
- at South African policy: If whites really believed they were
- better, "would it be necessary to create laws guaranteeing
- social, monetary, and political superiority?"
- </p>
- <p> Throughout, Stengel maintains a tone of cool detachment, but
- his epilogue contains a mordant irony: De la Rey and Bhula
- carry on, but on the morning of May 21, 1989, Life is stabbed
- to death, presumably by black men who believe the driver was
- "too conciliatory to the authorities." The burial occurs on a
- work day. "Under the state's emergency regulations, funerals
- like Life's cannot be held on weekends. Only a handful of
- people made it to the burial."
- </p>
- <p> In My Traitor's Heart, Rian Malan, a young white South
- African journalist, has one major subject: Rian Malan. His
- intense and angry memoir offers a series of South African
- impressions: the author as exiled hippie in America; the author
- as pariah in his native land; blacks under fire, with a
- prominent figure of the author.
- </p>
- <p> As the most personal of the books, it is in some ways the
- most powerful. But Malan's self-absorption obscures his
- extraordinary credentials. He is a relative of Daniel F. Malan,
- one of the architects of apartheid. Rian becomes the righteous
- recorder of black rage in the "charnel house" of Soweto, the
- largest black township created by that apartheid. Alas, the
- conflict of genealogy and emotion tends to produce more heat
- than light. In a typical episode, Malan recalls a psychopath
- who murdered whites with a hammer; Simon Mpungose's story
- "seemed to unfold like the story of a saint, deeply disturbing
- in its biblical parallels." This romantic notion of violence
- feels like a hangover from the '60s, and it has no place in a
- South Africa that aspires to a place in the community of
- civilized nations.
- </p>
- <p> Yet for all of his apocalyptic outrage, Malan succeeds by
- making the same leap of faith as his colleagues: he too
- believes that South Africa is capable of change. Thus far the
- evidence supports them. Only a few years ago, the government
- in Pretoria vowed to hold the racial line forever. Today it has
- come to recognize the inarguable truth that underlies all three
- books. George Bernard Shaw uttered it long ago, when apartheid
- was young: "Whilst we have prisons it matters little which of
- us occupies the cells."
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-